What are Elkonin Boxes, Blends, Digraphs, and Diphthongs?

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Blends: The process by which separate sounds are combined to make a word: 
/m/ . . . /a/ . . . /t/   blended is mat.  Blending is an essential skill for reading an alphabetic language like English.
Consonant Clusters: A cluster of two or more consonant sounds, spelling with two or more letters, e.g. ‘cr’ in crash, ‘lch’ in mulch.
Some examples are:
bl- in blue and black
cl- in clap and close
fl- in fly and flip
gl- in glue and glove
pl- in play and please
br- in brown and break
cr- in cry and crust
dr- in dry and drag
fr- in fry and freeze
gr- in great and grand
pr- in prize and prank
tr- in tree and try
sk- in skate and sky
sl- in slip and slap
sp- in spot and speed
st- in street and stop
sw- in sweet and sweater
spr- in spray and spring
str- in stripe and strap
Digraphs:Two letters that stand for one sound, e.g. 'ch' standing for /ch/ (a consonant digraph) or 'oi' standing for /oy/ (a vowel digraph).
Some examples are:
ch, gh, kn, ng, ph, sh, 
tch, th, wh, wr 
ch- in chin and ouch
sh- in ship and push
th- in thing
th- in this
wh- in when
ng- in ring
nk- in rink
tch-watch



Diphthongs: A vowel sound in which the mouth position changes from the beginning of the sound to the end. Diphthongs can be seen as combinations of two pure vowels, e.g. the /ae/ sound can be seen as /e/ + /ee/. 
Some examples are:
ai, ay,ee,ei,ie, oa, oe, ow
oi- in foil and toy
oo- in took and pull

oo- in food and mood
ay-day
ee-feet


Resources: 








http://pbskids.org/lions/videos/fredsay.html

http://pbskids.org/lions/videos/clhanger.html


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